The history of Valentine's Day
Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured.
According to one legend, Valentine actually sent the first "valentine" greeting himself. While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl — who may have been his jailor's daughter — who visited him during his confinement. Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed "From your Valentine," an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure. It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France.
While some believe that Valentine's Day is celebrated in the middle of February to commemorate the anniversary of Valentine's death or burial — which probably occurred around 270 A.D — others claim that the Christian church may have decided to celebrate Valentine's feast day in the middle of February in an effort to "christianize" celebrations of the pagan Lupercalia festival. In ancient Rome, February was the official beginning of spring and was considered a time for purification. Houses were ritually cleansed by sweeping them out and then sprinkling salt and a type of wheat called spelt throughout their interiors. Lupercalia, which began on February 15, was a fertility festival dedicated to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture, as well as to the Roman founders Romulus and Remus.
To begin the festival, members of the Luperci, an order of Roman priests, would gather at the sacred cave where the infants Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, were believed to have been cared for by a she-wolf or lupa. The priests would then sacrifice a goat, for fertility, and a dog, for purification.
The boys then sliced the goat's hide into strips, dipped them in the sacrificial blood and took to the streets, gently slapping both women and fields of crops with the goathide strips. Far from being fearful, Roman women welcomed being touched with the hides because it was believed the strips would make them more fertile in the coming year. Later in the day, according to legend, all the young women in the city would place their names in a big urn. The city's bachelors would then each choose a name out of the urn and become paired for the year with his chosen woman. These matches often ended in marriage. Pope Gelasius declared February 14 St. Valentine's Day around 498 A.D. The Roman "lottery" system for romantic pairing was deemed un-Christian and outlawed. Later, during the Middle Ages, it was commonly believed in France and England that February 14 was the beginning of birds' mating season, which added to the idea that the middle of February — Valentine's Day — should be a day for romance. The oldest known valentine still in existence today was a poem written by Charles, Duke of Orleans to his wife while he was imprisoned in the Tower of London following his capture at the Battle of Agincourt. The greeting, which was written in 1415, is part of the manuscript collection of the British Library in London, England. Several years later, it is believed that King Henry V hired a writer named John Lydgate to compose a valentine note to Catherine of Valois. Translated by nguyenquangy | Những câu chuyện khác cho rằng Valentine có thể đã bị giết vì đã nỗ lực giúp người Kitô hữu thoát khỏi nhà tù khắc nghiệt La Mã, nơi họ thường bị đánh đập và tra tấn.
Theo truyền thuyết, chính Valentine thực sự gửi lời chúc mừng "valentine" đầu tiên. Trong khi ở trong tù, người ta tin rằng Valentine đã yêu một cô gái trẻ - có thể là con gái của người cai ngục - người đã đến thăm ông trong thời gian bị giam cầm. Trước khi chết, người ta cho rằng rằng ông đã viết một bức thư, mà ông đã ký tên là "Valentine của em," một từ ngữ vẫn còn được sử dụng ngày nay. Mặc dù sự thật đằng sau những truyền thuyết Valentine là bí ẩn, các câu chuyện đều nhấn mạnh sự hấp dẫn của ông như là một nhân vật, đồng cảm, anh hùng, và, quan trọng nhất là lãng mạn. Không có gì ngạc nhiên rằng tới thời Trung Cổ, Valentine là một trong những vị thánh nổi tiếng nhất ở Anh và Pháp.
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